Medieval Period
The medieval period saw jewelry become a reflection of social rank and religious symbolism. Clergymen and noblemen donned costly stones such as emeralds, sapphires, and rubies, with healing and protective powers. Jewellery work in gold included complex pendants, brooches, and rings, inscribed with religious inscriptions and motifs such as saint and cross motifs. Enamels gained use, and jewelry work could have colorful, complex motifs and added dimensions in metal work.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance saw a re-emergence of traditional forms and new techniques in jewelry work. There was an increased use of diamonds, courtesy of improvements in cutting techniques, and an increased use of complex jewelry work and use of diamonds in jewelry work. Jewellery work became complex, with multi-stranded pendants, pendants encrusted with stones, and lockets with inscriptions. Miniature portraits were inserted in jewelry, providing a personalized form of expression between two persons in a relation. Cameos, a form of jewelry work with carvings in a gem, entered use during the period.